The National System of Property Management SINAP

Tsarin Gudanar da Kayan Gida na Kasa (SINAP) wani dandamali ne na kere kere wanda ya hada dukkan bayanan da suka shafi albarkatun kasa da na ka'idoji na kasa, inda 'yan wasa da masu zaman kansu daban-daban da kuma mutane ke yin rikodin duk wata ma'amala da ke da alaƙa da kadarorin kadarori. dukiya, mai mahimmanci don tsarin mulki da haɓaka kasuwar hannun jari.

Hoton da ke hannun dama zai iya gani a wani wuri, saboda abin takaici ne cewa wata rana na yi a lokacin hutu na kaina LADM, a daya daga cikin nune-nunen Amsterdam, a nan ta 2012.

An haifi SINAP kuma an aiwatar da ita a Honduras a tsakanin 2002-2005, a cikin tsarin Tsarin Gudanar da Landasa, kwatankwacin waɗanda ke faruwa a daidai wannan lokacin a ƙasashe da yawa a ƙarƙashin tallafin kuɗi na Bankin Duniya. Ba a haife shi azaman wahayi zuwa ga duniya ba, tushensa yana cikin ka’idoji na gargajiya wadanda ke tallafawa samfuran ci gaba, inda abubuwan da ke jagorantar ci gaban kasuwanni, a gefe guda, da rage yawan farashi(albarkatun kasa, albarkatun mutane, fasaha da kuma babban birnin) kuma, a gefe guda, rage yawan farashin ciniki. Sabili da haka, saboda wahalar rage farashin samarwa a cikin ƙasa mai tasowa, babban ikon SINAP shine rage farashin ma'amala da lokuta.

SINAP ba kwamfuta kayan aiki, amma wani sa na manufofin ciki har da fasahar ci gaba, dunkulewa da hukumomi masu ruwa da tsaki da hannu a ƙasar management da kuma simplification na matakai bisa duniya trends a matsayin da tallafi na bayanai da fasahar da kuma sadarwa.
Lokacin da aka fahimci SINAP da hankali, akwai isasshen haske wanda kawai aiwatar da fasaha, ba tare da sauya tsarin mulki da tanadin hukuma ba, kusan kamar sanya tayoyi ne akan doki, maimakon ƙirƙirar sabuwar abin hawa. Don haka dabarun yana tare da canjin canji wanda ya hada da kirkirar sabbin dokoki kamar Dokar Kadarori da Dokar Gudanar da Kasa; A karkashin wannan tsarin doka, an kirkiro Cibiyar Kadarori, wacce ta hada rajistar kadara (wacce ta kasance a Kotun Koli na Adalci), National Cadastre (wanda ya kasance Babban Darakta ne wanda ya dogara da Fadar Shugaban Kasa) da kuma National Geographic Institute ( wanda ya dogara da Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a da Sufuri).

A sabon ma'aikata ne a Directorate of Records, a Directorate of Cadastre da yanayin kasa da kuma wani adireshin Regularization karkashin wani Tantancewar mayar da hankali a kan samuwan kaya daga waje da Associated Cibiyoyin cewa zai iya samar da municipalities ko abokai karkashin jama'a-zaman kansa cinikayya.

SINAP an haife shi a ƙarƙashin Core Register Domain Model (CCDM), wata takarda da cewa a wannan lokacin shine abastracto na Christiaan Lemmen da sauran kayan aikin da suka nemi hanyar shimfida tsarin Cadastre 2014.

A CCDM a 2012 zama LADM (ISO-19152), amma ta sa'an nan (2002) ya riga isasshe balagagge tunani na yadda abubuwa ke aiki a ƙasar gwamnati su iya Sauki zuwa sauki dangantaka of Law, kamewa da kuma Nauyi (RRR ) tsakanin masu ruwa da tsaki (Party) da kuma yin rajista abubuwa (BAUnits), tare da ƙasar a matsayin sarari dangane da abubuwa da zanen taswira kamar yadda abubuwa na jama'a dokar ta shafi zaman doka.

Wannan shine zane-zanen SINAP a cikin shekara ta 2004; da jerin transactional nodes wanda a wancan lokaci zarcewa: SINIMUN for municipalities, INTUR ga yawon shakatawa kansu, SINIA muhalli, SNGR ga hadarin management, CIEF for gandunan daji da kuma INFOAGRO ga harkokin noma.

Alamar da ke hannun dama ita ce wacce na sake fasalta ta a shekarar 2012, tare da kula da asalin wanda yake. A takaice ma'anar, SINAP dandamali ne wanda ke haɗa aƙalla manyan ƙananan ƙananan tsari guda huɗu:

Shirin SAS ɗinke na Ƙungiyar SURE.

Wannan tsarin ya hada da, tsakanin sauran bayanan, kadarar dukiya da rajista na cadastral kamar yadda yake a zahiri. Yana nufin cewa kundin kadastral ya zama cikakken tsattsauran yanki, duka kadarorin masu zaman kansu waɗanda ke da alaƙa da gonakin da aka yi rajista a ƙarƙashin ainihin dabarun folio, da dukiyar jama'a kamar tituna da rafuka waɗanda ke da alaƙa da tsarin mulki. Bugu da ƙari, ƙananan alamomi suna yin tasiri kamar yadda tasirin tasirin hoton da ke da alaƙa da dokar jama'a, da yankuna masu ambaliyar ruwa, yankunan kariya, cibiyoyin tarihi, da dai sauransu.

SURE ba wai kawai ya ƙunshi dukiya ba; wani abu ne mai hankali don haɓaka kayan haɓaka na ƙasa; a halin yanzu ya ƙunshi dukiyar kasuwanci, iko, ilimi da motoci.

Ƙungiyar Bayar da Bayanai ta Ƙasar (SINIT)

Wannan tsarin yana yin rijista tare da buga duk bayanan hotunan da cibiyoyi daban-daban suka samar a kasar kuma ya kirkiro wasu ayyuka masu kima wanda yake baiwa masu amfani dashi a karkashin tsarin hasashe guda. Hakanan yana tallata bayanan sararin samaniya, ya cika matsayin matattarar bayanai don kaucewa asarar bayanan da cibiyoyin gwamnati ke samarwa sannan kuma ya zama wurin buga littattafai ga waɗanda ba su da kayan aikin da suka dace don hidimar bayanan da suka samar.

Rijista na Dokokin Amfani da ƙasa (RENOT)

Wannan rajista ce wacce ke haɗa duk ƙa'idodin da ke ƙunshe da halayen shafi ko fa'ida game da amfani, yanki ko kuma aikin makircin. Asalin wannan rajista yana da alaƙa da Dokar Yanki na Yanki, yana neman cewa tsare-tsaren ƙa'idodin doka da ƙa'idodin jama'a da ke haifar da cibiyoyi daban-daban na iya zama wanda za a iya tilastawa kuma a nuna shi a matsayin tasirin paran majalisun a cikin shawarwari ko takaddar takaddara, da kuma a gudanar da hanyoyin ko takaddun shaida a cikin kaddarorin Rijistar Kadarori.

Kodayake masu tallafawa na RENOT sun canza a lokuta daban-daban, tunaninsu ya kasance daidai da abin da ake buƙata don taswirar fenti don zama mai ɗaurewa: "Dole ne a sami yanayin shari'a wanda ke ba da damar ka'idodin yarda, ƙwarewa, tallatawa da rajista, ta yadda dokokin tsarin jama'a yana nunawa a cikin dukiya masu zaman kansu.

Cibiyar Harkokin Bayanin Labarai na kasa (INDES)

Tabbas, ba kowane abu ne mai sauƙin aiwatarwa ba. A cikin 2002 batun Tsarin Bayanan Bayanan Tsarin sararin samaniya ya ɗan zama na ɗan lokaci, aƙalla a cikin waɗannan ƙasashe inda ƙarfin hukumomi da bayar da ilimi na jami'o'i ba su da yawa. A wancan lokacin ana kiran tsarin na huɗu Clearinghouse, kalmar tamanin da ke tunatar da mu sanannen injunan bincike na metadata. A shekarar da zan sake fahimtar da ita, muna kiranta da fraungiyar Bayar da Bayanan Sararin Samaniya (INDES).

Shin SINAP ya dace da kokarin?

An nuna SINAP a yanayi daban-daban na duniya, kodayake a ra'ayina na musamman, tana fama da marubuta waɗanda ke son faɗin fa'idodinsu a ƙarƙashin tsarin kishin ƙasa. Don hayakin da aka haifa daga karce, akan tebur na gilashi da cupsan kofuna na kofi, a cikin ƙasa mai fama da matsalolin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma taimakon siyasa irin na ƙasashe da yawa tare da mahallin Hispanic, SINAP aiki ne na misali a fannoni da yawa. Daga cikin tsarin tsarin guda hudu, SURE shine wanda yake da mafi kyawun yanayi na dorewa, tunda ci gabanta an aiwatar dashi a cikin lokaci kamar rikodin a matsayin masu tallafawa masu rikitarwa kuma saboda sun faɗi kan cin zarafin bangarori masu yawa don sabuwar doka da sauya tsarin mulki, abin da ba shi da sauki (ko kuma ba da shawarar) don aiwatarwa a kowace ƙasa; kodayake saboda wannan dole ne su tsallake matsaloli kamar rashin taɓa lambar farar hula (wanda ɗayan waɗannan kwanakin zai wuce lissafin), da kuma iyakokin abin da ya faru a cikin aikin Cadastre-Registry, kodayake an haɗa shi a cikin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masanan.

Amma hukumomi girma akwai kalubale da dama tun lokacin da marigayi institutionalization na aikin, da rashin wani farar hula aiki da unforeseeable ma'aikata jam'iyya ya haddasa kusan zuwa durkushe da mafi daraja lokacin da Property Institute. Duk da haka, kamar yadda fasahar dandali SURE game da cewa ya yarda da shi don ci gaba da aiki kamar na aikin dandali cancanci.

Ba a ganin software na kyauta ba don wannan lokacin tare da ƙwarewar balaga, don haka ya zama dole don amfani da fasaha mai yawa, don bada misali:

• An kirkiro taswirar dijital ta hanyar bunkasa VBA, daga babban rijista na mãkirci, zuwa tarihin tarihin DGN V8, tare da tsarin kulawa ta rajista ta amfani da ProjectWise,
• Ta amfani da mai duba yanar gizon ActiveX, masu amfani a cikin ƙananan hukumomi sun buƙaci sadaukarwa ta hanyar amfani da DGN redline, GeoWeb Publisher da mai bincike na intanet.
• Za'a iya yin aikin ƙaddamar da takaddun shaidar digiri daga abokin ciniki na Microstation Geographics, samar da taswirar, bayanan digiri da kuma tsarin shafuka kawai ta hanyar zabar maɓallin cadastral; yayin da za a iya yin amfani da yanar gizon ta amfani da GeoWeb Publisher, ɗayan kai-da-kai ko da yawa, samar da fayilolin PDF dauke da alphanumeric da kuma bayanan hoto.
• Ana yin nazarin da kuma cirewa daga cikin littattafai na Registry tare da aikace-aikacen da aka sarrafa ta atomatik wanda ya juya wannan aiki mai wuyar gaske a cikin tsari na maquila, wanda daga bisani aka ba da shi zuwa kamfanoni masu zaman kansu.
• Ƙaddamar da tsarin sadaukarwa ta hanyar sadaukarwa da ainihi ya ci gaba da ci gaba da yanar gizo.

Wataƙila yin amfani da duk waɗancan fasahohin, duk waɗannan masu amfani da wannan matakin na atomatik sun sami lambar yabo ta BeAwards a 2004 (a yau BeInspired), a cikin rukunin kula da muhalli da kuma cikin 2005 a cikin rukunin Gwamnati. Amma gwajin asirin shine lokacinda a 2006 ya fuskanci canjin siyasa tare da wata jam'iyya daban da duk wadancan dabarun gargajiya na taimakon siyasa da sha'awar shafe komai da farawa daga farko.

Daya safe isa tare da wani waje faifai (wanda aka sabon a lokacin) da cewa sun sami ceto a wannan faifai kenan registries ... suka tsaya tambayar a lokacin da suka gane su za bukatar da yawa diski na waje.

Wani safiya kuma, wani ya buƙaci gudanarwar mai amfani da bayanan adana bayanan. Bayan kwana biyu ya manta da kalmar sirri, kuma ya zama dole kowane kwana uku don fara bayanan bayan bayanan atomatik a tsakar dare, tunda a wancan lokacin babu wata hanyar amfani da sabar kuma ana ci gaba da yin abu yayin aikin bayanan. Ajiye tsakanin 12 da dare da 6 na safe.

Rijistar da aka rigaya ta amfani da tsarin ya fara kokawa, sannan kuma yaron ya gane cewa tsarin bai zama ba ne kawai ba da kyau don nuna sha'awa a cikin PowerPoint Presentations.

Tabbas, daga kuskuren da aka yi, akwai ƙarin darussa masu fa'ida waɗanda masu amfani daban-daban waɗanda suka halarci ra'ayi, ƙira, ci gaba, rubuce-rubuce, aiwatarwa da kafa hukumomi za su iya faɗi. Lokacin da tsarin ke kirkirar abubuwa, kuma mutane suka kasance mahalarta, damar da ke bayan wannan kwarewar na canza rayuwarsu, fiye da ilimin da aka samu.

Abin da ba za a iya ƙaryata shi ba game da ƙaddamar da Honduras, tare da SINAP, shine cewa bayan lokaci, hangen nesa na farko bai canza ba. Tsarin ya ci gaba da rayuwa har sau uku na gwamnati, ciki har da juyin mulki (2009); a cikin wannan lokacin akwai kowane yiwuwar gazawa, amma aikace-aikacen ka'idar hankali yana da mahimmanci "idan za ku yi babban tsari, ku yi aiki da sauri“; lokacin da suke so su koma amfani da littattafai, masu amfani iri ɗaya sun kare shi. A halin yanzu, gundumomi 16 daga cikin 24 da aka yi rajistar, wadanda tuni suka fara aiki da tsarin, an sabunta su. A cikin 2013, an yi wani shirin juyin halitta don ƙaura zuwa wani sabon dandali duk waɗannan ayyukan da suka ƙare, haɗa software na buɗewa don inganta dorewa, da daidaita tsarin kasuwanci don shirya shi don haɗakar da ma'aikaci mai zaman kansa, tare da ɗaukar tsarin LADM misali da BlockChain fasaha don tabbatar da bayanan. Ofayan manyan abubuwan haɗin shine fakiti a cikin sararin samaniya, wanda aka zartar daga abubuwan da ke haifar da shi, ta yadda idan aka yi rijistar sabon lissafin lissafi tare da haɗin alaƙa na al'ada (kamar sabon yanki mai kariya), duk cadastre Parcels suna ta atomatik kuma yana bayyana azaman faɗakarwar rigakafi a gonakin rajista; Fasahar buda ido kamar OpenLayers, GeoServer da GeoNetwork kuma an hade su don maye gurbin GeoWeb Publisher da BentleyMap don maye gurbin Microstation Geographics; ga ƙananan hukumomi, an haɓaka sabis na yanar gizo don yin hulɗa ta hanyar WFS akan ƙirar QGIS.

A cikin wadannan shafuka na kama hanyar hanyar SINAP, wanda ke neman nasarar rinjayar biyu Rahotanni na 2014 wanda har yanzu ba a shawo kansa ba: cewa kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da na jama'a suna aiki tare, wanda ke haifar da shawarwari maras ma'ana don kawancen jama'a da masu zaman kansu da kuma amfani da hankali na kasuwanci wanda ke ba da damar kwastomomi su zama cikakkun bayanai.

A karkashin sabon hangen nesa, tsarin SINIT da RENOT ba su zama dole a matsayin karin tsarin ba, kamar yadda aka bayar da shawarar ta iyakancewar fasaha da kararrakin iko na 2004. SINIT karin rajista daya ne kawai na SURE (The Cartographic Registry) da kuma RENOT the Normative Registry; sabon tsarin har yanzu yana ci gaba; Hoton da ke ƙasa yana nuna wasu kayan fasahar ku.

Idan abubuwa suka ci gaba a halin da ake ciki a yanzu, SINAP za ta iya cika aikinta wanda ya kasance tun daga farko a ƙarƙashin tsarin Cibiyoyin atedungiyoyi kasancewar rajista da Cadastre ƙungiyoyi ne masu tsari kawai a cikin tsarin rarraba an gudanar da shi a karkashin tsarin makamai na Front-back.

Saboda haka, hukumomi suna da alhakin sabuntawa na zamani da kuma samar da ayyukan da ke hade da ma'amaloli; a halin yanzu da kuma da dama gargajiya da aka yi a karkashin makirci na tawagar, ma'amaloli a kan jinginar gidaje da kuma aka kai tsaye sarrafa ta wasu bankunan kamar yadda na gefe ofisoshin, kamar Mercantile Registry aka sarrafa da Harkokin Kasuwanci, kuma dan takarar yi yawa fiye da da ...

Tabbas babban rauni ne na SINAP zai kasance na dogon lokaci, rashin mawaƙan da ke magana akan damar ta daga matakan ra'ayi, fasaha da fasaha. Abin tausayi, la'akari da cewa watakila ita ce farkon tutar kayan LADM, kafin ta zama mizani (CCDM); cancantar da sauran ƙasashe irin su Colombia za su ɗauka, inda ba a daina amfani da irin wannan ɗaukaka kuma ana saka shi cikin manufofin jama'a, kamar yadda yake a cikin SANAR 3859.

Darussan da aka koya daga SINAP aƙalla 8 ne, kuma suna da matukar mahimmanci… kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin wannan hayaƙin yana da mahimmanci. Za a sami lokacin magana game da shi, ƙarshen ƙarshen shekara ta 2016.