Ci gaba da aiwatar da BIM - shari'ar Amurka ta Tsakiya

Kasancewa zuwa BIMSummit a Barcelona makon da ya gabata ya kasance mai ban sha'awa. Dubi yadda ra'ayoyi daban-daban, daga masu shakku zuwa ga mai hangen nesa, suka yarda cewa muna cikin wani lokaci na musamman na juyin juya halin a cikin masana'antun da suka faro daga kama bayanai a cikin fagen har zuwa haɗa haɗin ayyuka a ainihin lokacin ɗan ƙasa. BIM na taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin wannan haɗuwa da makamashi na ƙirar fasaha wanda ɓangaren kasuwanci ke amfani da shi, buƙatar ingantattun ayyuka daga ƙarshen mai amfani da sabis na jama'a da daidaiton daidaitaccen daidaito.

Amma tsakanin kyakkyawan labarin nasarar ƙasashen Nordic inda magana game da OpenSource baya ɓata ran maslaha na kowa, da kuma gaggawa na ƙasashe masu amfani da fasaha inda kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ke tsara ajandar su, akwai gaskiyar tasirin ƙasashe inda rashin iya gudanar da ayyuka na Jiha saboda rawar da take takawa wajen neman ingantattun al'amuran kasar. A wannan halin, mun ɗan tattauna game da tattaunawa ta ƙarshe da Gab!, Wani mai haɗin gwiwar Geofumadas wanda, a cikin rabin sa'a kofi, ya ba ni labarin hangen nesa na BIM a cikin Yankin Amurka ta Tsakiya.

A zahiri, mafi kyawun ci gaban abubuwan a cikin wannan mahallin na iya ɓoye ta iyakantaccen tsarin gani; don haka dole ne mu koma ga abin da muka ji a can. Tun daga farko, akwai yaduwar ci gaba a kasashe irin su Costa Rica da Panama, duk da haka, a cikin sauran ƙasashen yankin, kodayake akwai ilimi a matakan masu zaman kansu, da kyar ake ganin yanayin ilimi da na jiha a matakin aiwatarwa; Idan muka gan shi daga hangen nesa na BIM, cewa bayan ƙirar ƙira shi dabara ne wanda ke haɗakar da sarrafa bayanai da gudanar da aiki a cikin tsarin ƙa'idodin tallafi.

Hanyoyin BIM Panama

Kasancewar Panama ƙasa ce da ke da ci gaba mai ma'ana, akwai ɗan ƙara buɗewa da kuma gaggawa. Dole ne kawai ku sauka daga tashar jirgin sama kuyi tafiya akan babbar hanya kuma ku ga cewa rukunin ƙasa yanki ne na musamman a yankin Amurka ta Tsakiya, sabili da haka, BIM cikakkiyar haɗakar haɗakar halittu ne wanda ya ƙunshi abubuwa daban-daban na jiki, IT da abubuwan more rayuwa. . Fiye da duka, tuna abin da Panama take a matsayin ƙasa mai ƙa'idar kasuwanci tare da yanayin buƙatun duniya, waɗanda ba za su iya barin su a baya ba.

• A 14 Yuli 2016 Panama majalisar na Construction CAPAC a tare da tare da Panama Society of Engineers da masu zanen gine-gine SPIA da Jami'o'in na Panama, fasaha da kuma USMA, ya sanar da kafa wani kwamitin fasaha da cewa za ta samar da aiwatar da BIM tsari, da ake kira Forum BIM Panama.
• Akwai ƙungiyoyi masu yawa suna inganta amfani da BIM kamar Autodesk, Bim Forum na Panama, Bentley Systems, PCCad, Blue AEC Studio, Comarqbim, da sauransu.
• Tasirin BIM na musamman a Panama shine fadada Canal na Panama.

BIM Misalin Canal na Panama. Ya karbi lambar yabo na BIM Experience Autodesk don tsarawa ta ƙulli na uku.

Gaba ɗaya, akwai cikakkiyar budewa a cikin masu zaman kansu, tare da matsayi na sana'a don neman BIM kyauta a matsayin abin da ake buƙata don ci gaban ayyukansu.

Abubuwan BIM Costa Rica

Wannan ƙasa tana inganta wasu hanyoyin yin amfani da hanyoyin BIM a sabon tsarin. A babban bangare, saboda bukatun duniya, wasu kamfanoni masu zaman kansu sun fara aiwatar da wasu matakai; Duk da haka, aikin samar da ayyukan BIM ba shi da iyaka, idan muka kwatanta shi da ƙasashen kudancin Amirka. Costa Rica ta riga tana da Bim Forum Costa Rica.

• Cibiyar BIM Forum Costa Rica wani kwamitin fasaha ne wanda aka kafa tare da manufar inganta aikin da aka ba da shawara da kuma aiwatar da tsarin BIM a cikin masana'antun masana'antu.

A matsayin misali mai ban sha'awa, a Bankin Ƙasar Bankin Ƙasar Amirka (IDB, Gidan Harkokin Harkokin Harkokin Gida da Kimiyya, Fasaha da Innovation Division (CTI), suna aiki a kan ƙungiyar BIM a cikin zane da kuma kula da ayyuka na al'ada.

A Costa Rica, misali, shi aka hada a bayani dalla-dalla na yi dubawa hijirarsa zane zane BIM model da kuma sa idanu a lokacin shiri. Wannan shi ne, jirage 2D 3D da za a wuce, da kuma ingancin bayanai, yi jerin (4D) da kuma kudin iko (5D) zai iya hadedde; Wannan zai ba ka damar sanin lokaci, ƙoƙari da farashi mai yawa, don matsawa daga zane na al'ada zuwa BIM. Da ake samu, ta halin kaka, deadlines da kuma bukatar gyara a lokacin aikin gine-gine a kan San Gerardo - Barranca, za a idan aka kwatanta da kashi Limonal - San Gerardo, wanda yana da guda zane bayani dalla-dalla, kuma za a gina a lokaci guda.

Ko da yake akwai wata hanya mai tsawo zuwa yankin, sakamakon matakan jirgin zai zama abin sha'awa ga gwamnatoci su aiwatar da BIM kuma suyi amfani da amfanin yawan aiki da inganci, ta hanyar canji mai yawa a hanyar da aka aiwatar da ayyukan.

Hanyoyin BIM Guatemala

Saboda babbar ƙasa ce, akwai wasu ci gaba mai girma a BIM. Mun riga muna da Master a Modeling da Gudanarwa na Ginin BIM Management a Jami'ar Valle de Guatemala da Jami'ar Universidad del Istmo tare da Master a Bim Management.

Akwai ƙungiyoyi waɗanda aka keɓe don horo a Bim kamar Revit Guatemala da GuateBIM (Majalisar BIM ta Guatemala). Akwai ɗan yarda a matakin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. Misali zai zama kamfanin Danta Arquitectura wanda ke da ƙwarin hada BIM. Kuma kada mu bari a baya ga masu rarraba software na BIM waɗanda ba su daina inganta wannan hanyar.

Yanayin BIM El Salvador

A El Salvador, akwai žarin bayani yana samuwa. Duk da haka, ayyukan da kamfanonin Structuristas Consulttores EC suka haɓaka da BIM sun fita waje.

Shirin: Cibiyar bayanai ta TIER III da kuma ginin gine-ginen kamfanin banco Agrícola, a San Salvador.

• Su biyu gine-gine ne tare da gine-gine na 11,000 m2 ciki har da: cibiyar bayanai tare da halaye na TIER III da kuma ginin ofisoshin kamfanonin 5.
• Tsarin gine-gine, ƙirar HVAC da daidaituwa kan aikin injiniya da yawa, ta amfani da kayan aikin BIM da sa ido na ci gaba tare da samfurin BIM. 
• Kwararru sun hada da: Ƙungiyoyin, Gine-gine, Tsarin gine-gine, Harkokin lantarki, Ma'aikata, Ayyuka.

Kodayake wannan aiki ne tare da tallafi na BIM, tare da fannoni daban-daban; Tabbas, bangaren shirye-shirye da shirye-shirye ba a bayyane yake ba; kodayake a cikin aikace-aikacen samfurin ku. Akwai wasu gibin bayanai a cikin wannan, lokacin da labarin jarida ko ma abin da ya shafi ilimi kawai ana mai da hankali ne akan tsarin gine-gine / tsarin tsari, amma ya manta da tuntuɓar fasalin aiki bayan ƙirar har sai an haɗa kayayyakin more rayuwa cikin mahallin.

Hanya na BIM Nicaragua

A nan mun samo alamomi na cibiyoyin horarwa, wasu majalisa ko da yake fiye da matakin aiwatarwa, har yanzu a cikin tsari don gabatar da BIM. Akwai wasu nazarin gine-gine da suke gabatar da wannan kalma, irin su binciken na BRIC.

A matsayin misali, CentroCAD, wanda a ganina shine ɗayan mafi kyawun cibiyoyin horarwa a Nicaragua, tsarin karatun Revit galibi yana mai da hankali ne akan Gine-gine da MEP, amma ƙarancin abin da muke gani a cikin tayin sa batun tsari, tsada ko kwaikwayon gini. Kodayake kuna koyon BIM, ba ɗaya bane ku koya samfurin tare da software fiye da fahimtar hanyoyin a cikin cikakkiyar hanya inda kayan aikin shine kawai hanyar adanawa da sarrafa bayanai.

Yanki ne mai ni'ima ga Autodesk wanda kwanan nan ya gudanar da taron BIM a Nicaragua; yanayin da ya motsa da ci gaba da ƙoƙari na Jami'o'in da ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru na Geo-engineering. Tare da Taron BIM na 2019 wanda aka gudanar a Managua, tare da masu magana daga ko'ina cikin Amurka ta Tsakiya, Jamhuriyar Dominican da Colombia, ya tabbata cewa a cikin wannan ƙasar akwai aiki da yawa daga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, cewa makarantar kimiyya tana da mahimmin shiga, amma sama da duk buƙatar buƙata ƙoƙari don haɓaka damar BIM ga manufofin jama'a.

BIM mahallin Honduras

Kamar Nicaragua, yana cikin tsarin zamantakewar jama'a, horo, taron majalisa, da kuma sanar da ƙwararrun masu gini. Akwai ƙungiyoyi waɗanda aka keɓe don inganta aiwatar da BIM da ma'aikatan kamfanin horo, kamar PC Software, Cype Ingenieros, da Kwalejin Masu Gine-gine na Honduras.

Akwai sha'awa ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu don fara aiwatar da BIM, koyaushe tare da iyakokin sa. Haihuwar sabbin kamfanoni masu hangen nesa irin su Green Bim Consulting, wanda aka keɓe don tuntuba da haɓaka ayyukan BIM mai dorewa, yana da ban sha'awa. Solidarin kamfanoni masu ƙarfi kamar Katodos BIM Center wakilin Honduras ne.

A cikin 'yan watanni, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu sun gudanar da aikin mita na mita 1,136.8 a ayyukan daban-daban a Honduras, 57,5% ya kasance don ayyukan zama; 20,2% kasuwanci, 18,6% a cikin ayyuka da 3,7% masana'antu. Daga wannan adadin, wani ɓangaren ƙananan gine-ginen ya yi amfani da fasaha na al'ada ba kamar BIM don tsara ayyukan.

Injiniya Marlon Urtecho, babban manajan Kamfanin Tsarin Tattalin Arziki, ya tabbatar da cewa ci gaban da aka samu a aikin yanzu ya ba da damar kallon aikin da mafi dacewa: “Yanzu ofisoshin gine-gine na iya gabatar da ayyukan su a cikin kashi uku da sauri kuma tare da karin hotuna"In ji shi. Ya bayyana a fili cewa hangen nesa kamar wannan yana nuna cewa babu sauran tsabta game da ikon da BIM ke ciki.

Duk da rarraba bayanai da ya fito daga Honduras, sakamakon kwanan nan Maris 2019, ranar da Majalisa ta Farko na BIM na Amurka ta tsakiya da Caribbean. Ya ɗan makara saboda an riga an rubuta labarin, duk da haka yana kawo fitilu masu ban sha'awa don labarin na gaba game da yanayin BIM a Amurka ta Tsakiya.

Duk da matsaloli a masana'antu, a Honduras masana'antu Highlights wasu ci gaba a cikin yin amfani da BIM (a kalla a matakin bayanai tallan kayan kawa) musamman a cikin gine-gine category, wanda ya sa show ci gaba a aikin zane. Don abubuwan da suka dace na matakin 2 (BIM Level2) inda aka yi amfani da aikace-aikacensa azaman kama-da-wane daidai da abubuwan ginawa zuwa kowane ɓangaren da aka yi amfani da shi don gina gine-gine, wanda akalla a cikin birane da aka ci gaba ya yi alkawarin.

Wani labarin daga jaridar Procesohn ya fito,  http://proceso.hn/tecnologia/2-ciencia-y-tecnologia/constructores-hondurenos-avanzan-en-el-uso-de-tecnologia-bim.html

Bayan kofuna biyu na kofi da kayan zaki mai kyau, mun kusan gamawa da Gab! cewa BIM bai gama sauka a Amurka ta Tsakiya ba. Tabbas nazari na yau da kullun shine yanke hukunci babba a cikin wannan al'amari, ta ɓangaren waɗanda dole ne su haɓaka haɓaka da daidaito. Tabbas akwai wasu dalilan, amma a kan adiko na goge mun rubuta aƙalla masu zuwa kamar abubuwan fifiko:

• Babban kuɗin ma'aikatan horo da rashin cancantar horo. Manajan BIM suna kidaya akan yatsunsu; Yin la'akari da cewa kawo mai bada shawarwari na duniya yana da tsada sosai.
• Babban haɗin lasisi na lasisi (haƙƙin lasisi a Amurka ta tsakiya zai iya haɗuwa har zuwa 3 sau nawa a Mexico, Amurka ko Chile). Kamfanonin rarraba suna nuna shi ga ƙananan tallace-tallace, don haka dole ne su tada farashin su sadu da burin da kamfanonin iyaye suka kafa. Wannan yana inganta fashinci da kuma jin tsoron aiwatar da BIM saboda azabar da za a iya samu daga masu rarraba software.
• Babban farashin kwakwalwa da ake buƙata don sarrafawa na BIM, kamar haɗuwa da plugins na keɓancewa zuwa kayan aiki na waje ko fassarar.
• Babu wani al'ada da aka tsara a cikin tsarawa da shirya shirye-shirye na takardun da ake bukata don ayyukan. BIM na buƙatar buƙatar siffofin irin su EIR, BEP, BIM Protocols, bin tsarin, da dai sauransu. -Wane ne yake da lokacin, idan sun tambaye ni in fara aikin jiya- A jargon da aka sani a cikin masu sana'a na aikin da ba shakka ba ne, saboda idan ka shirya sosai, za ka iya yin ayyukan a lokacin rikodin.
• Babban matakin cin hanci da rashawa da ke nuna wadannan alamu. Wasu lokuta suna ɓoye bayanin da zai ba da damar haɓaka kudin, kuma mafi yawan aikin, shi ne mafi sauƙi a kara shi. Mun bayyana cewa yin amfani da BIM zai karya yawancin cin hanci da rashawa a ayyukan gwamnati.
• Yi kwararru ba su so su bar AutoCAD, har yanzu a cikin wani generality ba son fahimta da m na tallan kayan kawa 3D. Clear saboda akwai dole ne wani m aiki yayi rama kokarin koyi, kuma musamman da damar ire a cikin simplification kuma ingantawa lokacin da muka gani BIM kamar yadda fiye da 3D tallan kayan kawa.
• Aiwatar da BIM yana da farashi, musamman a cikin software idan kuna son yin aiki da doka; Wannan ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba ga kamfanoni da yawa waɗanda ke gwagwarmayar rayuwa a cikin waɗannan ƙasashe masu ƙasƙantar da tattalin arziki inda wasu ƙalilan ke ɗaukar manyan ayyuka saboda mallakar da ake da ita. Kuma don zama mai ba da horo na BIM tare da dukkanin doka, ya zama dole a sami lasisi cikin tsari. Tarin software don horar da BIM na iya nufin saka hannun jari na US $ 3,500.00 a kowace shekara don lasisi ɗaya kawai, a wasu ƙasashen Amurka ta Tsakiya. Ya rage a ga yadda wannan ya inganta ayyukan software-a matsayin-sabis ɗin da manyan masu samar da software ke gudanarwa.

A ƙarshe, Amurka ta Tsakiya gaba ɗaya tana cikin tsarin zamantakewar BIM, tana aiki tare da samfurin 3D, amma an iyakance shi a matakin ƙimar da muke gani a wasu fannoni. A yanzu, mun bar sabon sabuntawa na wannan labarin har zuwa lokacin, muna sane da cewa daga Majalisar Wakilai ta kwanan nan muna da sabon karatu bayan bayanan da baƙinciki ba tsari ba ne bayan musayar takamaiman abubuwan da suka faru.

Duk da haka, da sauran gefen tsabar kudin a Amurka ta tsakiya, shi ne mai ban sha'awa damar idan ilimi, masu zaman kansu, masu sana'a 'yan wasan kwaikwayo sarrafa su shiga cikin gwamnatin kansu don amfanin da kuma bukatun zama for standardization.