Aiwatar da LADM ta amfani da INTERLIS - Colombia

A cikin makon na uku na Yuni, 2016 ya koyar da shirin na INTERLIS Course, wanda aka gani a matsayin harshe da kayan kayan aiki don sauƙaƙe aiwatar da Alamar Gudanarwa na Ƙasa (LADM) a cikin yanayin kula da ƙasa na Colombia.

A hanya da aka ɓullo da a matakai biyu, daya a wani asali / msar tambayar matakin da babban rukuni na daban-daban cibiyoyin da hannu a ƙasar management, neman gane abin da yake INTERLIS, da yin amfani da aikace-aikace da dabarun, ta yaya za a iya amfani da sakamakon da aikace-aikace a cikin ƙasar gwamnati a kasashen tsakiyar / Gabashin Turai. a rana ta biyu daga cikin shakka shi ne mafi m tare da wata tawagar da karami thematic kwararru wanda aka hannu a gina model LADM Colombia.

Kalubale mai ban sha'awa, la'akari da cewa mai gudanarwa na hanya shine Michael Germann, banda daya daga cikin masu magana da LADM dangane da INTERLIS a wani samfurin FIG, tare da Jürg Kaufmann, Daniel Steudler, Christiaan Lemmen, Peter Van Oosterom da Kees de Zeeuw. Kuma na ce kalubale, saboda haruffan wannan matakin galibi suna da gazawa a lokacin fallasa batutuwan da suka sha sigari a gaban mahalarta da na yanzu a cikin yanayin Latin Amurka.

Mene ne INTERLIS?

Harshe ne mai mahimmanci na harshe (Harshen Hoto Hanya - CSL), wanda ake amfani dashi don bayyana samfuran, kodayake ana iya amfani dashi ga kowane tsarin, yana da ƙwarewa a cikin samfuran yanayi, tunda ya haɗa da nau'ikan geometries da yawa. Ya kamata a lura cewa INTERLIS ba software bane, amma matsakaici ne na harshe mai zaman kansa, wanda kuma ya haɗa da tsarin canja wurin bayanai wanda aka samo shi kai tsaye daga samfurin; INTERLIS kuma ba yare bane na shirye-shirye, kodayake yana da nasa tsarin don bayyana samfuran daidai, gami da ma'anar takura (ƙuntatawa).

Tsarin canja wurin bayanai shine ITF (INTERLIS-1) ko XTF (INTERLIS-2, wani xML) wanda aka samo, kamar yadda aka ambata, daga samfurin bayanai ta amfani da daidaitattun dokoki. Tsattsauran rabuwa tsakanin samfuri da canja wuri (tsarin kula da samfurin) yana da matukar ban sha'awa, saboda zurfin shi yana ba da kyautar ga hayaki LADM wanda sau daya an tsara wannan tambaya Kuma abin da jahannama nake yi a yanzu?

Tarihin INTERLIS yana kusan shekaru 30, lokacin da a cikin 1989 Swiss ta fara shiga cikin amfani da kwamfuta ta hanyar zamani. Kodayake sun yi amfani da kwamfutar don cadastre tun daga 70s, ta hanyar aikin da aka sani da RAV (Reform of the Official Cadastre) don ba da shawara tare da ra'ayi na tsakiya dangane da 'yancin yin amfani da hanyoyi don aikin cadastral. A bayyane yake cewa gabatarwar wannan ka'ida yana nuna buƙatar samun mafita mai zaman kanta don bayanin bayanai da adanawa, kuma haka ne aka haifi INTERLIS-1 a 1989. Falsafar haihuwarsa yana da mahimmanci, tare da ka'idar "'yanci a cikin amfani da hanyoyin”, domin yana inganta cewa kowace gundumomi, sashe, yanki ko yanki na iya amfani da kayan aikin da ya dace da su, muddin suna bin INTERLIS, za a iya samun haɗin kai gaba ɗaya. Matukin jirgin ya kasance a farkon shekarun nineties, a cikin 1993 an buga samfurin cadastral na farko; ban sha'awa idan muka yi la'akari da cewa shirin Cadastre 1994 ya fara a 2014 kuma an buga shi a ƙarshe a 1998.

Bayan da ƙaddamar da farko na aikin cadastral model, akwai aukuwa na farko kayayyakin aiki, kamar tarawa don tabbatar da daidai ginin kalma model, Translator auku data daga daya model zuwa wani, da kuma XTF Checker domin inganta data da model. An kirkiro INTERLIS-1998 tsakanin 2006 da 2 kuma a wannan shekarar an buga Checker tare da lasisi kyauta. Domin 2007 INTERLIS zama kasa misali a Switzerland da kuma 2014 akwai riga 160 model na kasa SDI, aka bayyana a cikin misali, wanda a tsakanin sauran halitta da dalilin da ƙaddamar da sabon Land Registry Taƙaitawa Jama'a Law a kan Property , fahimtar Gundumar 2014.

A matsayin kammalawa na farko, INTERLIS ba yare bane na shirye-shirye, amma harshe ne na kwatanci da canja wurin bayanai. Kodayake an rubuta shi a cikin UML, yana da wasu nau'ikan bayanai kamar su canja wurin bayanai da sabuntawa waɗanda sun riga sun zama naku.

Amfani da INTERLIS

Babban amfani shine "'yancin hanyoyin". Taimakon ra'ayoyin Cadastre 2014 yana da mahimmanci, musamman ma game da sarrafa 'yancin kai tare da samfurori ta jigogi amma a cikin tsarin tunani guda ɗaya; ƙara da sauƙi don ƙirƙirar samfuran bayanai gabaɗaya, kodayake yana da mahimmanci don ganin idan ta yi kama da wuka na sojojin Switzerland don yin samfuri.

Yana da sauƙin fahimta daga masana IT da ƙwararrun masanan ƙasar. An fahimci cewa tare da tsarin amfani da tsari da kuma ƙa'idodin don canza tsarin canja wurin, ana iya sarrafa shi da inganta shi ta hanyar shirye-shiryen kwamfuta.

Sauran fa'idodi sun ɗauka cewa ana iya aiwatar da shi cikin sauƙi, kodayake bayan duba littafin shafi na 160… Dole ne in yarda cewa yana ɗaukar aƙalla mako guda na ƙoƙari don ganin misalai da ƙoƙarin gina su. Tabbas, samun samfurin da aka gina tare da editan UML kuma daga baya samar da lambar don aikace-aikace ko samfurin jiki na bayanan bayanan tabbas yana ci gaba… idan anyi daidai, tabbas.

Littafin yana cikin Jamusanci, Faransanci da Ingilishi. Tare da fa'idar cewa lokacin da aka karɓa a cikin Kolombiya, an yi ƙoƙari don sakin sigar a cikin Sifaniyanci, wanda tabbas yana kan ci gaba; Muna fatan samun wadatarwa nan ba da jimawa ba a www.interlis.ch.

Differences tsakanin INTERLIS-1, INTERLIS-2 da sauran harsuna

Hanyoyin 2 na INTERLIS abu ne mai daidaitawa, mafi sauƙi kuma yana goyon bayan ƙananan ɗalibai; yana dacewa tare da version 1 kuma yana goyon bayan kari, ƙuntatawa mai ƙuntatawa da canja wuri ta hanyar XML.

Idan aka kwatanta da sauran ladabi da yare, INTERLIS ya fi UML sauki fiye da yadda yake, duk da cewa komai ya dogara da wannan yaren. Bugu da kari, ya fi takamaiman fili a fagen juzu'i ta hanyar hada abubuwa daban-daban (maki, layi, kwari, yanki da saman). Idan aka kwatanta da GML, yana sauƙaƙa ma'amala, wanda ba a cikin LADM ba kuma ga waɗanda muke ƙoƙarin aika sabis na WFS ta amfani da GML mun fahimci iyakancewa. INTERLIS yanzu shima ɓangare ne na laburaren OGR / GDAL (2.0) kuma ana iya kallon fayilolin XTF ta amfani da QGIS. Sauran kayan aikin Open Source suna ba da izinin tsara tsarin tsarin bayanai a cikin PostgreSQL / PostGIS, shigo da bayanai zuwa tsarin da aka ce da fitarwa zuwa fayil XTF (ili2pg). Kuma tabbas akwai aikace-aikace na mallakar yawa daga manyan yara, GEONIS don ArcGIS dangane da FME, GeosPro daga Geomedia, INTERLIS don AutoCAD Map3D.

Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, don amfani da INTERLIS akwai wasu aikace-aikacen lasisi na kyauta na kyauta don samfurin gyare-gyare da kuma tabbatar da bayanai a cikin daidaitattun, kamar Ƙwararruwa, Editan UML da Checker.

Mai haɗin INTERLIS yayi aiki don tabbatar da daidaitaccen tsari, INTERLIS Checker yana ba da izinin tabbatar da daidaituwa na fayil ɗin bayanai dangane da samfurin fasalin, don amfani da shi yana buƙatar samfuri (.ili tsawo) da kuma fayil ɗin canja wuri ( .tf ko.xtf); Hakanan yana buƙatar aiwatar da extensionara fayil ɗin .cfg don halayen daidaitawa (inda aka bayyana buƙatu game da ƙaramar yarda da ƙirar). Editan UML yana gudana ta cikin umleditor.jar, yana baka damar gyara dabarun INTERLIS da gani. A yanzu yana cikin Faransanci da Jamusanci ne kawai. GUI ba shi da ɗan amfani idan aka kwatanta shi da VisualParadigm ko Enterprise Architect, duk da haka yana da amfani ga abubuwan yau da kullun - kuma mafi kyawu shine cewa yana samar da lambar ƙirar tare da daidaitaccen tsari.

Aikace-aikacen Aikace-aikace

Da farko Course ya cika aikin da "geomatists kada su ji tsoron samfurori", wanda ke nuna cewa wajibi ne a karanta. A rana ta biyu, an gudanar da aikin ayyana Maudu'ai; A cikin yanayin bayanin martaba na LADM na Swiss,

Ana amfani da batutuwa:

• -Catastro
• - Mur mur
• -Momin Alamar
• - yanar gizo na hydrosanitary

A cikin yanayin Colombian, an yi daidai da daidaitattun abubuwa, tare da matakai masu zuwa:

• -Catastro
• -Register
• yankin ordenamiento
• da dai sauransu.

Sa'an nan aka bayyana batuttukan su:

•   -Castastro Objects:
•   -Control Point
•   -Predio (Ya hada da ƙasa da gini)
•   -Da'idodin iyakoki
•   -Yazuwar ƙaddamarwa
•   -unanan yankunan jiki
•   - Yankunan tattalin arziki
•   -Etc.

A ƙarshe, an ba da umarnin wasu ƙa'idodi na LADM Model na yanzu;, kamar, idan za a kawar da gabatarwa, idan azuzuwan za su kasance jam'i… da sauransu. An ba da shawarar cewa Batutuwan su kasance a cikin Jam’i, yayin da azuzuwan ke mufuradi. Don haka, riga ya tashi, samfurin ya tafi kamar haka:

TOPIC Control_Points =

END Points_of_control;

TOPIC Predios =

  ! Maɗaukaki na Ƙimar

  ! Land, Construction, ...

END;

TOPIC Ƙayyadaddun =

  ! Gudanarwa Division

  ! Yankin Ƙasa na yanki

END;

Sannan nau'ikan, subtypes da ka'idoji sun banbanta; Da alama hadadden abu ne, amma ba haka bane. Tare da bambance-bambancen da cewa samfurin Colombia yana da abubuwan da yake da shi, a cikin kwanaki biyu ya yiwu a gina samfurin INTERLIS na LADM wanda aka gina a watan Maris. Tabbas, Latin Amurkawa suna ɗaukar ƙari, ƙari kuma saboda duk yankuna, iri da ƙananan abubuwa an saka su cikin ƙirar INTERLIS; abubuwan da watakila zasu iya rarrabasu akan lokaci. Duba yadda sauki samfurin Dutch shine:

!! --------------------
!!
!! ISO 19152 LADM kasar NL da aka buga tare da INTERLIS 2
!!
!! --------------------
!! nazarin tarihin
!! --------------------
!!
!! 03.02.2014 / MG: fasalin farko
!! 17.11.2014 / MG: wasu gyaran gyare-gyare
!!
!! --------------------
!!
!! (c) Swiss Land Management (www.swisslm.ch)
!!
!! --------------------

INTERNIS 2.3;

Ƙaddamar da tsarin LADM_NL (en)

   A "http://www.swisslm.ch/models"
   SAUKI "2014-02-03" =

   LABARI DA KASANCE DA ISO_Base;
   KARANTA DUNIYA ISO19107;
   KARANTA DUNIYA ISO19111;
   KARANTA DUNIYA ISO19115;
   KARANTA DUNIYA ISO19156;
   SANTA DA LADM_Base DA KASA KUMA.
   LADM DA KUMA SANTAWA;

   DOMAIN   
       GASKIYA UnknownValueType =
      END UnknownValueType;     

      CLASS NL_SpatialUnit (ABSTRACT) SANTA LADM.Spatial_Unit.LA_SpatialUnit =
         girman (EXTENDED): LADM.Spatial_Unit.LA_DimensionType;
         landConsolidationInterst: LIST {0..5} OF UnknownValueType;
         buyPrice: Currency;
         Ƙararrawa (Ƙaƙata): LADM.Spatial_Unit.LA_VolumeValue;
      END NL_SpatialUnit;

   TOPIC LADM_NL =

      CLASS NL_Party KASHI LADM.Party.LA_Party =
         suna (EXTENDED): CharacterString;
         rawar (EXTENDED): LADM.Party.LA_PartyRoleType;
      END NL_Party;

      CLASS NL_AdminSourceDocument EXTENDS LADM.Administrative.LA_AdministrativeSource =
         da'awar: Kudin;
         buyPrice: Currency;
      END NL_AdminSourceDocument;

      CLASS NL_RRR (ABSTRACT) SANTA LADM.Administrative.LA_AdministrativeSource =
         bayanin: CharacterString;
      END NL_RRR;

      CLASS NL_BAUnit EXTENDS LADM.Administration.LA_BAUnit =
         suna (EXTENDED): CharacterString;
      END NL_BAUnit;

      CLASS NL_RealRight Ƙari NL_RRR =
         typePurchased: (wasu);
         typeSold: (wasu);
      END NL_RealRight;

      CLASS NL_Restriction EXTENDS NL_RRR =
      END NL_Restriction;

      CLASS NL_Mortgage EXTENDS LADM.Administrative.LA_Mortgage =
         bayanin (KASHI): CharacterString;
      END NL_Mapaya;

      CLASS NL_Parcel EXTENDS NL_SpatialUnit =
      END NL_Parcel;

      CLASS NL_BuildingUnit EXTENDS NL_SpatialUnit =
      END NL_BuildingUnit;

      CLASS NL_Network YADDA LADM.Spatial_Unit.LA_LegalSpaceUtiliyNetwork =
         girman (EXTENDED): LADM.Spatial_Unit.LA_DimensionType;
         landConsolidationInterest: LIST {0..5} OF CharacterStringListValue;
Sabili da haka kasancewa har sai kun nemo END LADM_NL

Shiga cikin ƙasashen duniya na INTERLIS a cikin yankin Latin Amurka ya zama mana ƙalubale mai ban sha'awa ga Cibiyar Agustín Codazzi da sauran cibiyoyin da ke da alaƙa da Gudanar da Landasa a cikin Kolombiya, ba wai kawai saboda goyan bayan kanta da Cooungiyar Hadin gwiwar Switzerland ke wakilta ba har ma da takamaiman nauyin Cibiyoyin Colombia a cikin Yankin Kudancin Amurka. Na yi imanin cewa kyakkyawan tallafi da haɓaka samfurin a cikin yankunan Cadastre, haɗi tare da Rijistar Kadarori, Tsarin Yanki da Tsarin Bayanan Sararin Samaniya na Colombia za su mai da hankali ga kallon ƙasashe fiye da kudancin mazugi.

INTERLIS zai ba da izinin ɗan sauƙi a cikin aiwatar da Tsarin Samfuran Gudanar da Yanki (ISO 19152), aƙalla dangane da haɗin kai, musamman saboda yana ɗan gajarta hanyar karɓar fayilolin GML azaman tsarin musayar, ta amfani da kayan aikin bincike. , canja wuri da ingantawa. Dole ne kawai ku yi tunanin damar, la'akari da cewa Colombia tare da sabon dokarta suna gab da fara aikin Multipurpose Cadastre, wanda zai buƙaci kayan aiki don sarrafa ingancin bayanai daga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da ƙwararrun ƙwararru da kuma game da ƙananan hukumomi 1.100 sannu a hankali za su shiga cikin ƙungiyar wakilai ta iko ta IGAC Cadastre ko kuma ƙungiyoyin da ba na gari ba ... wanda INTERLIS ke aiki sosai.

Kuma a takaice dai, masu amfani da geomatics dole su koyi fahimtar samfurori, in ba haka ba, GML, UML, LADM da waɗannan ƙananan kalmomi zasu yi kama da masu shirye-shirye.

http://www.interlis.ch/index_e.htm