OpenFlows - 11 mafita don aikin ruwa, na'ura mai aiki da ruwa da tsafta
Samun hanyoyin magance matsalolin da suka shafi ruwa ba sabon abu bane. Tabbas, a cikin tsohuwar hanyar injiniyan dole ne ya yi shi tare da hanyoyin maimaitawa waɗanda ke da ban tsoro kuma ba su da alaƙa da yanayin CAD/GIS. A yau, tagwayen dijital suna haɗa bincike, ƙirar kayan aiki da hanyoyin bincike kowace rana, gami da ba kawai yin ƙira don gininsa ba har ma da aiki.
A bara na sami damar zama tare da abokin aikina wanda na bi shi tun lokacin a Haestad Methods. Ina magana ne game da Bob Mankowski, wanda tare da Benoit Fredericque suka halarci taron Going Digital Awards a Singapore. Kuma, da yake magana game da ci gaba a cikin tagwaye na dijital don saka idanu, mun taɓa batun batun mafita na ruwa, yin kwatanta abin da samfurin ya kasance a gaban CAD / BIM da abin da haɗin gwiwar gudanarwa yanzu ke wakiltar.
Daga nan ne wannan taƙaitaccen bayani ya fito, wanda a ƙarshe na zana don taƙaita kayan aikin da ake da su don haɓaka ayyuka masu girman gaske, irin su tsare-tsare masu girma, tsare-tsaren raya yankuna da inganta ayyukan ruwan sha, ruwan sha da kuma tsarin rarraba ruwan guguwa.
A. Maganin magudanar ruwa (OpenFlows STORM)
STORM wani bayani ne wanda ke ba da damar bincike da kwaikwaya don tsara tsarin magudanar ruwa. Yana da hanyoyin injiniyan ruwa a cikin fannoni kamar ƙididdige kwararar ruwan ruwa, ƙarfin shigar da ruwa da kwararar hanyoyin sadarwa na bututu da hanyoyin sadarwa. Yana bayar da ayyukan da wasu dandamali suke, kamar shi da HEC-Ras, tare da bambanci sosai ga bincike amma saboda haka za'a iya haɗe shi zuwa kayan aiki kamar OpenRoads ko OpenSite.
OpenFlow STORM yana cikin waɗannan nau'ikan guda biyu:
1.Cikin guguwa
2. StormCAD.
Bambanci tsakanin waɗannan nau'ikan guda biyu shine, CivilStorm yana gudana da kansa ko akan Microstation / OpenRoads, yayin da StormCAD ke gudana akan AutoCAD. Dukansu suna da ayyuka iri ɗaya, kodayake waɗanda ke gudana akan AutoCAD sun kasance mafi ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙima don yin hulɗa tare da sauran hanyoyin Bentley Sytstems.
Tare da STORM, ƙwararrun Hydrology za su iya amfani da hanyar da ta dace don ƙididdige iyakar magudanar ruwa a ƙirar magudanar ruwa. Kuna iya ƙididdige bayanan Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Lokaci ta amfani da ma'auni ko teburi, sannan ku tsara isohyets kuma ku sake amfani da bayanan a cikin wasu ƙira. Yana goyan bayan yanki mara iyaka na yanki na subbasin da ma'auni na C na kowane kwano mai shiga, samun damar haɗa wuraren bayar da gudummawa na waje, ƙarin kwarara da ragowa don ƙirƙira kwararar ruwan da ba na gida ba wanda ke ba da gudummawar fitarwa a kowane mashigai. StormCAD yana ba da hanyoyi da yawa don ƙididdige lokacin kwarara, gami da cikakken saurin bututu, saurin al'ada, matsakaita da saurin ƙarshe mai nauyi.
Don haka ƙwararren, ta hanyar amfani da Hanyar Rational, zai iya magance ba tare da matsala ba tebur mai ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin-tsawon-tsawon mitoci (IDF), Hydro-35, IDF equation, IDF curve equation, IDF polynomial logarithmic equation. Bugu da ƙari lokacin ƙaddamar da hanyoyin: mai amfani da aka ayyana, Carter, Eagleson, Espey/Winslow, Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Tarayya, Kerby/Hathaway, Kirpich (PA da TN), tsayi da sauri, SCS Lag, TR-55 Sheet Flow, TR -55 Shallow Concentrated Yawo, Gudun Tashoshi TR-55, Kinematic Wave, Aboki, Bransby-Williams.
Wataƙila ɗayan abubuwan da suka fi burge ni shine yawan hanyoyin da aka riga aka sarrafa. Kwararrun ƙwararrun hydraulics za su iya yin tsayayyen simintin gyare-gyare, da kuma iya aiki da kuma nazarin ruwa na baya ta amfani da hanyoyin bayanin martaba. Hakanan ta hanyoyin asarar matsin lamba zaku iya amfani da AASHTO, HEC-22, daidaitaccen, cikakku, juzu'i da madaidaicin matsi-gudanar ruwa.
Bugu da ƙari, ƙirar ƙira, ƙira ta atomatik dangane da ƙuntatawa, hanyoyin asara: Manning, Kutter, Darcy-Weisbach da Hazen-Williams.
Dangane da haɗin kai, STORM yana da hanyoyin haɗa taswirori na baya, kamar hotunan Bing da sauran CAD, GIS da dandamali na bayanai. Za a iya hulɗa tare da LandXML, MX Drainage, DXF, DWG, Shapefile, MicroDrainage bayanai.
B. Magani don tsarin tsabtace ruwa (GEMS)
Layin GEMS yana da waɗannan nau'ikan guda biyu, masu kama da STORM:
3. SewerGEMS
4. SewerCAD
Ainihin, kayan aikin ne don keɓance tsarin ruwan sharar gida da magudanar ruwa.
Ba kamar abin da za a iya yi tare da ayyuka na asali kamar waɗanda Civil3D ke bayarwa ba, SewerCAD shine mafita na musamman don cikakkun al'amuran da suka haɗa da bincike, ƙira da aiki; amfani da hanyoyin daidaitawa da haɗin kai zuwa ƙirar tsari kamar SCADA.
Ƙarfin SewerCAD dangane da sarrafa samfurin shine cewa zai iya ɗaukar al'amuran da yawa da kuma madadin. Ana iya yin kwatancen, ana iya samar da rahotannin da za a iya daidaita su, duka a matakin tambura da bayanan sararin samaniya, gami da kulawar topological. Ana iya nuna waɗannan sakamakon ta hanyar hoto, kai tsaye a cikin ArcMap ko azaman ƙirar Bentley Map.
Masu sana'a na Hydraulics za su iya nemo duk saitin daidaitattun St. Venant, da EPA-SWMM fayyace kuma fayyace injuna masu ƙarfi. Yana yiwuwa a samar da simintin gyare-gyare na tsawon lokaci da kuma a cikin tsayayyen yanayi. Bugu da ƙari, ya haɗa da haɗin gwiwar ayyuka don Storm, lissafin Culvert, haɗin hanyoyin sadarwa tare da tafkuna, famfo da kayan aikin tsafta, waɗanda za a yi su daban ta hanyar shigar da bayanai kai tsaye; gudanar da tsarin haɗin kai don ayyukan SewerCAD, CivilStorm da StormCAD.
Sauran hanyoyin GEMS sune don ƙira da aiki na tsarin sadarwar ruwan sha:
5. Ruwan ruwa
6. WaterCAD
Ayyukan ayyuka sun yi kama da na Sewer dangane da tsarin tsarin ingantawa, ƙira, daidaitawa da aiki da cikakkun hanyoyin sadarwa da aka haɗe zuwa alamun SCADA, tare da zaɓi na amfani da sigogin APEX mai sarrafa kansa.
Kwararrun na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa za su ji daɗin ganin yadda lissafin da suka saba yi tare da zanen logarithmic da jadawali an haɗa su nan ta atomatik, kamar yadda tsarin daidaitawar Darwin ke ƙira, gyarawa da sarrafa hanyoyin sadarwar ruwan sha.
Haɗin gwiwar yana kama da sauran dandamali, a zahiri duk nau'ikan kayan aikin tsarin ruwan sha ana iya tsara su, samun damar yin hulɗa tare da duka AutoCAD da ArcMap, gami da HAMMER.
Mai kama da STORM, SewerGEMS da WaterGEMS suna aiki kadai ko a kan dandamali na Bentley Systems (Microstation / OpenRoads), yayin da SewerCAD da WaterCAD ke aiki akan AutoCAD. Bugu da ƙari, yana iya aiki akan ArcGIS.
C. Magani don ƙirar madatsar ruwa (PondPack)
7. Kunshin tafki
A tsarin tsarin birane na zamani, inda yanayin yanayin ba a bayyana ba, kula da tattara ruwa ko sake yin amfani da madatsun ruwa yana da mahimmanci, tunda a cikin guguwa ruwan ba ya da motsin dabi'a ta hanyar nauyi zuwa kogi kamar yadda yake faruwa a yanayin sama. .
PondPack wani takamaiman bayani ne don gudanar da tsarin madatsun ruwa guda ɗaya ko da yawa, wanda a ciki ake buƙatar kimanta kololuwar ruwa, cikawa da lokutan faɗuwa ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin ruwa waɗanda ke ba da tabbacin rage haɗarin ambaliya.
Hakazalika da sauran aikace-aikacen, amma tare da suna iri ɗaya, PondPack yana da nau'i na tsaye, wanda ke gudana akan Microstation kuma wani akan AutoCAD.
Ƙwararrun injiniya na ruwa ko na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa za su iya yin samfurin abubuwan da ba su da iyaka ta amfani da hanyoyi kamar SCS 24-hour type I, IA, II da II don tsarin rarraba ruwan sama don samfurori irin su Midwest US, Gauded hadari data da kuma I-D-F masu lankwasa. Hakanan, don hanyoyin maida hankali, ana iya amfani da Carter, Eagleson, Espey/Winslow, da sauransu.
D. Maganganun ambaliyar ruwa (FLOOD)
8. RUWA
Wannan kayan aiki ne don yin ƙira, bincike da rage haɗarin ambaliya na birane, gefen kogi da yankunan bakin teku. Kwararrun tsare-tsare na yanki za su sami mafita ga tsarin magudanar ruwa a cikin birni da kuma nazarin muhimman ababen more rayuwa da ake amfani da su ga injinan ruwa da ruwa.
Yana yiwuwa tare da RUWA a kwaikwayi al'amura kamar hadari, jikewar ƙasa, gazawar madatsun ruwa, gazawar ruwa, gazawar tsarin magudanar ruwa, tsunami, hawan matakin teku, ko kuma yanayi mai ma'ana.
FLOOD aikace-aikace ne mai zaman kansa, amma yana iya hulɗa tare da ƙirar da aka yi aiki akan SewerGEMS game da hanyoyin sadarwar magudanar ruwa. Kuna iya shigo da bayanai daga tsarin TIN da aka samar tare da kayan aikin Bentley Systems, ContexCapture; Hakanan yana iya samar da kayan aiki don LumenRT kuma dangane da tsarin raster, GDAL yana goyan bayan fayilolin ARC, ADF, da TIFF. Sauran tsarin da aka goyan baya sun haɗa da WKT, EsriShapefile, NASA DTM da LumenRT 3D.
E. Magani don masu wucewa na ruwa (HAMMER)
9. GUDUMA
Wannan ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki ne don ɗaya daga cikin mahimman matakai na tsarin hydraulic, wanda ake kira transients. Idan ya zo ga tsarin haɗin kai, ko sababbi ko haɗin gwiwa tare da tsarin da ake da su, ya zama dole a ƙididdige mahimman yanayi a cikin abubuwan more rayuwa daban-daban (tankuna, bawuloli, bututu, turbines, da sauransu).
HAMMER na iya tsara yanayin yanayi mara iyaka da madadin, tare da ra'ayi ko yanayin ƙasa. Binciken na iya tabbatar da kowane kumburi, samun damar gwada yanayi daban-daban na matsa lamba, saurin gudu, halaye na ruwa, matsin tururi da lokutan kimantawa.
Kwararren zai iya nemo hanyoyin sarrafa kansa waɗanda aka yi a baya da hannu tare da kusan abubuwan da ba su ƙarewa don ayyuka kamar guduma na ruwa tare da yin famfo da saurin canzawa, da kuma hanyoyin juzu'i ta amfani da Hazen Williams, Darcy Weisbach ko Mannings duka kai tsaye da haɗuwa. Kuma game da ma'ana ko sarrafawa na tushen doka, Unsteady - Vitovsky za a iya amfani da shi.
F. Magani don lissafin ruwa (MASTER)
10. CurlvertMaster
11.FlowMaster
Waɗannan na'urori masu ƙididdigewa na hydraulic ne don ƙirar kayan aikin don tsarin ruwa, wanda ya haɗa ba kawai nazarin ra'ayi ba har ma da amfani da kayan daban-daban, sassan da yanayin shiga.
A ƙarshe, OpenFlows yayi alƙawarin zama mafi kyawun mafita ga aikin injiniya na ruwa, musamman saboda haɗin kai zuwa yanayin CAD / GIS ya zarce sauran nau'ikan hanyoyin warwarewa waɗanda ke iyakance a cikin haɓakar su da daidaitawa zuwa cikakken tsarin sake zagayowar ababen more rayuwa.
Inda za a sami darussan horo don OpenFlows
Ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun hanyoyin horarwa don waɗannan dandamali shine AulaGEO.
OpenFlows SewerGEMS / SewerCAD hanya
